Methodology & Sources
Show me the receipts.
Every charge in this calculator comes from the product provider's own published Key Features Document, prospectus, or charge schedule. No third-party estimates. No "industry sources said". The actual PDFs the insurers themselves issue, with page references, so anyone who doubts the numbers can read them in five minutes.
RL360 Quantum
Isle of Man · Closed to new business since 1 July 2019 · Document ref QU004h 10/15
Source: RL360 Quantum Key Features (Sample) - published on RL360's own adviser site at rl360.com. The figures below are taken verbatim from this document.
| Charge |
Rate |
KFD reference |
| Initial unit charge | 0.50% per month (6.00% p.a.) | QU004h p6 - for the full premium term |
| Contract charge | 0.125% per month (1.50% p.a.) | QU004h p6 - on full fund value |
| Policy fee | USD 8 / GBP 5 / EUR 6 per month | QU004h p7 - indexed to Isle of Man RPI |
| Policy fee (paid-up) | USD 24 per month (3× standard) | QU004h p7 - tripled if premiums stop |
| Single premium allocation | 93% (7% loss on day one) | QU004h p5 |
The surrender charge schedule used in the calculator is the official table from QU004h. At 25 years remaining the surrender charge is 87.5% of initial unit value; at 15 years 71.5%; at 5 years 34.0%. These are non-linear and table-based, not formulaic - the calculator interpolates linearly between rows.
Mirror fund fee in the calculator default (1.5%) is an estimate; RL360's KFD states the fund-manager AMC is variable and deducted within the unit price. Edit this field to match the specific funds in your plan.
Zurich International Vista
Isle of Man · Currently sold in Bahrain & Qatar · Document refs MSP11534 05/19 & MSP13579 02/19
Sources: Vista Customer Product Disclosure Document (MSP11534) and Vista Effect of Charges document (MSP13579). Both are hosted on Zurich Middle East's own adviser suite.
| Charge |
Rate |
CPDD reference |
| Expense recoupment charge | 4.00% per year of initial units | MSP11534 p7 - for full plan term |
| Yearly management charge | 1.00% per year of policy value | MSP11534 p7 |
| Monthly policy fee | USD 8.25 per month | MSP11534 p7 |
| Mirror Fund additional charge | +0.75% per year (not 1.5%) | MSP11534 p8 - this is the figure the previous version of the calculator had wrong |
| Paid-up charge | +USD 10 per month if premiums stop | MSP11534 p7 |
| Single premium charge | Up to 7% of each single premium | MSP11534 p7 |
Zurich's own breakeven table
The Effect of Charges document MSP13579 publishes the annual investment growth required just to offset Vista's charges - before fund manager AMC and before inflation:
- USD 300/month, 10 years: 2.59% p.a.
- USD 500/month, 15 years: 1.81% p.a.
- USD 1,250/month, 25 years: 1.26% p.a.
These are Zurich's own actuarial figures. Below those rates of return, Vista returns less than you paid in.
Vista's surrender penalty schedule is published in MSP11534 as a grid of "% of regular premiums paid during the initial contribution period" by both policy term and elapsed year. The calculator uses the most punitive curve (25-year term column) as the default surrender table, and interpolates over years remaining. At 25 years remaining 78.91% applies; at 15 years 58.50%; at 5 years 19.28%.
Hansard Vantage Platinum II
Isle of Man · Document refs HO2469O 01/07/20 & HO1929O 11/11/15
Sources: Vantage Platinum II Prospectus (HO2469O) and Vantage Effect of Charges (HO1929O). Both are original Hansard documents (document codes and footers intact) re-hosted by AES International. Hansard's own docs server at docs.hansard.com was returning errors at time of writing; if it comes back online the same files should be available there.
| Charge |
Rate |
Prospectus reference |
| Annual management charge | 1.50% per year on all unit types | HO2469O p5 - reflected in unit price daily |
| Initial unit charge | +5.50% per year on initial units | HO2469O p5 - for full contract term |
| Service charge | GBP 5 per month (GBP 60 per year) | HO2469O p6 - doubles to GBP 10/mo if paid-up |
| Fund administration | Up to 0.25% per year (not 1.5%) | HO2469O p6 - plus dealing costs |
| Manual fund switch | GBP 45 per switch | HO2469O p6 - online switches free |
| Single premium allocation | 93% (7% loss on day one) | HO2469O p4 |
Hansard's published surrender schedule is the simplest of the four: 82.63% at 25 years remaining, 75.34% at 20 years, 65.01% at 15 years, 50.34% at 10 years, 29.53% at 5 years. The calculator uses this table directly with linear interpolation between rows. The policy fee in the UI is shown in your selected currency, converted from the native GBP 5/month figure via the site's currency engine.
Generali / Utmost Vision
Guernsey · Closed to new business in most jurisdictions · Document ref GW VIS INT BRO (DG) 12/15
Source: Generali Vision Details Guide / Principal Brochure. Generali Worldwide's international life business was sold to Utmost Group in 2019; existing Vision policies are now serviced by Utmost Worldwide Ltd, but the original brochure terms continue to apply to in-force contracts.
Vision is the structurally different one of the four. Rather than a single flat initial-unit charge, its administration fee is tiered by both year and term:
| Premium payment term |
Years 1-5 |
Years 6-10 |
Years 11+ |
Source |
| Sub-10-year terms | 2.75% p.a. | 2.00% p.a. | - | GW VIS INT BRO p14, Table 8 |
| 10+ year terms | 2.00% p.a. | 2.00% p.a. | 0.30% p.a. | GW VIS INT BRO p14, Table 8 |
This admin fee is calculated against cumulative premiums due and deducted by cancelling initial units. The initial contribution period itself varies by term: 13.2 months for a 10-year plan, 15.54 months for 15-year, 18.78 months for 20-year, 22.92 months for 25-year, 27.96 months for 30-year (GW VIS INT BRO p8, Table 3).
| Other Vision charges |
Rate |
Brochure reference |
| Investment admin charge | 1.50% per year | GW VIS INT BRO p15 - on accumulation units |
| Plan fee | USD 4.50 per month | GW VIS INT BRO p14 |
| Internal fund advisory fees | Up to 0.75% per year | GW VIS INT BRO p15 |
| External fund AMC | 0.5%-3.0% per year | GW VIS INT BRO p15 - varies by fund |
| Single premium establishment | 1.50% per year for 5 years | GW VIS INT BRO p15 |
Vision's surrender mechanic is uniquely simple: if you fully surrender before the end of the premium payment term, all initial units held are forfeited. The calculator models this directly - no surrender table needed. For a 25-year Vision plan, the initial contribution period is ~23 months, so a substantial chunk of your early contributions is sitting in initial units that you lose entirely on early surrender. This is structurally different to the other three products but produces a similar outcome: a heavy penalty for leaving before maturity.
How the simulation works
The calculator runs a month-by-month simulation over the full plan term. Each month, three things happen in this order: (1) the monthly premium is added to either the initial unit pool or the accumulator pool depending on whether you're still in the initial contribution period; (2) both pools grow at the assumed market return divided by 12; (3) charges are deducted - the initial unit pool pays the initial-unit fee plus admin plus mirror, the accumulator pool pays admin plus mirror only, and the monthly policy fee comes out of accumulator first then initial. A parallel Interactive Brokers track grows at the same market return minus a 0.30% all-in cost (VWRA TER of 0.22% plus IBKR's tiny commission and FX friction).
The reason the calculator separates the two pools is that this is how the providers actually compute charges. Initial units exist on the books for the entire plan term and carry the high initial-unit charge throughout; accumulator units only start being purchased after the initial contribution period and carry only the standard admin and fund charges. A simulation that blends them into one pool with a weighted-average charge will overstate growth in the early years and understate it later. Modelling them separately is the only honest way.
For the surrender value calculation, the calculator looks up the official surrender percentage from the published table for that product and applies it to the initial unit balance only - accumulator units are not subject to surrender charges on these products. For Generali Vision, the rule is different: 100% of initial units are forfeited on early surrender, so the engine takes that path directly.
The 0.30% Interactive Brokers comparison rate is conservative. VWRA's actual published TER is 0.22% per year; IBKR's commission on a typical monthly VWRA purchase of $1,000 is roughly $1.50 (so ~0.15% but only on contributions, not on the running fund); FX conversion through IBKR's IDEALPRO market is 0.002% spread plus $2 per conversion. A real-world all-in cost is closer to 0.25% for most users. The calculator uses 0.30% to be deliberately conservative in favour of the offshore plan - the wealth gap is genuinely larger than what the calculator shows.
A note on adviser commission
None of the four provider KFDs discloses adviser commission rates directly. That's a structural feature of indemnified commission contracts: the insurer pays the adviser, the adviser owes the insurer that money back if the policy lapses early, and the customer indirectly funds the whole arrangement through the initial unit charge. Because commission isn't disclosed in the KFD, the 4.2% default in the calculator is an industry estimate based on what multiple independent expat advisers and forensic reviewers have reported.
Cross-referenced sources for the 4.2% figure include Investments For Expats' commission disclosure analysis (which puts indemnified commission on Quantum/Vista/Vantage between 3% and 5% of total planned premiums), AES International's Vista review, and Mike Coady's Vista review. The calculator's commission slider lets you set this anywhere from 0% to 8%, so if your adviser disclosed a different figure (or if you want to model "what if there was no commission at all"), you can.
To verify what your adviser was actually paid, you can request a written commission disclosure from the insurance company directly - this is a customer right under most jurisdictions' insurance regulations, regardless of where the policy was sold. Quote your policy number and ask for the total commission paid to the introducing adviser at inception and any ongoing commission. Some advisers also receive trail commission of 0.25%-0.5% per year of fund value, though this is much less common on indemnified plans.
Full source list
Every figure in the calculator and on this page is traceable to one of the documents below. Primary sources (the providers' own published documentation) carry the most weight. Secondary sources (independent reviews) are cited only for context, commission estimates, and to corroborate the primary documents.
Primary - Provider Documentation
Secondary - Independent Reviews & Context
Last verified against provider documents: November 2025. None of this constitutes regulated financial advice; it is research and calculation.